The second century, particularly the period following the Bar Kokhba revolt, saw a decisive split between Christianity and Judaism. The destruction of Jerusalem and its Temple, the exile of the Jews from Judea after the revolt, and the appointment of a Gentile—Mark (or Mahalia)—rather than a Jew as Bishop of Jerusalem all helped widen the breach. By this time the majority of Christians were of Gentile origin. During the second century Christian communities spread west and north,